Acne is one of the most common skin conditions, affecting nearly 85% of people at some point in their lives. While acne is often associated with teenagers, it can affect people of all ages, including adults. During Acne Awareness Month, we’re helping patients better understand acne, the different types, available treatments, and when it’s time to seek professional help.
What Causes Acne?
Acne develops when hair follicles become clogged with oil (sebum), dead skin cells, and bacteria. Several factors can contribute to breakouts, including:
- Hormonal fluctuations
- Genetics
- Stress
- Certain medications
- Skincare products that clog pores
- Diet and lifestyle factors in some individuals
The Different Types of Acne
Not all acne looks the same, and identifying the type of acne you have can help determine the most effective treatment.
Whiteheads (Closed Comedones)
Whiteheads occur when pores become clogged and remain closed at the surface of the skin. They appear as small, flesh-colored or white bumps.
Blackheads (Open Comedones)
Blackheads form when clogged pores remain open. The dark color is not dirt—it occurs when the trapped oil and debris oxidize upon exposure to air.
Papules
Papules are small, red, inflamed bumps that can be tender to the touch. They develop when clogged pores become irritated.
Pustules
Often referred to as “pimples,” pustules are inflamed bumps that contain pus and typically have a white or yellow center.
Nodules
Nodules are larger, deeper, and often painful bumps beneath the skin’s surface. They can be difficult to treat without prescription medications.
Cystic Acne
Cystic acne is the most severe form of acne. It consists of deep, painful cysts beneath the skin and often leads to permanent scarring if not treated appropriately.
Over-the-Counter Acne Treatments
For mild acne, over-the-counter (OTC) products can be very effective. Look for products containing these proven ingredients:
Benzoyl Peroxide
- Helps kill acne-causing bacteria
- Reduces inflammation
- Available in washes, gels, and spot treatments
- Common strengths range from 2.5% to 10%
Salicylic Acid
- Helps unclog pores
- Exfoliates dead skin cells
- Particularly effective for blackheads and whiteheads
Adapalene (Differin® Gel)
- A retinoid available without a prescription
- Helps prevent clogged pores
- Improves skin cell turnover
- May take 8–12 weeks to see full results
Gentle Skincare Matters
In addition to acne treatments:
- Wash your face twice daily with a gentle cleanser
- Avoid scrubbing aggressively
- Use non-comedogenic moisturizers and sunscreen
- Remove makeup before bed
When Is It Time to See a Dermatologist?
While many cases of acne can improve with OTC treatments, there are times when professional care is the best option.
Schedule an appointment with a dermatologist if:
Your Acne Is Leaving Scars
Scarring can become permanent. Early intervention can help prevent long-term skin damage.
OTC Treatments Aren’t Working
If you’ve used over-the-counter products consistently for 8–12 weeks without improvement, prescription treatments may be needed.
You Have Painful Nodules or Cysts
Deep, painful acne often requires prescription medications and specialized treatment.
Acne Is Affecting Your Confidence
Acne can have a significant emotional impact. If breakouts are affecting your self-esteem or quality of life, help is available.
You Have Adult Acne
Hormonal acne in adults often requires a customized treatment plan.
Professional Acne Treatment Options
A dermatologist can develop a personalized treatment plan that may include:
- Prescription topical medications
- Oral antibiotics
- Hormonal treatments
- Isotretinoin (Accutane®) for severe acne
- Chemical peels
- Light and laser treatments
- Acne scar treatments
Every patient’s skin is unique, which is why a customized approach often delivers the best results.
Clear Skin Starts with the Right Plan
Acne is not caused by poor hygiene, and many people struggle with breakouts despite having excellent skincare habits. The good news is that effective treatments are available for every type and severity of acne.
If you’re frustrated by persistent breakouts or concerned about acne scarring, our dermatology team can help. Together, we’ll create a treatment plan designed to help you achieve healthier, clearer skin and restore your confidence.
Ready to take control of your acne? Schedule a consultation with one of our providers today.